Extraction Methods

The most common method. Steam passes through plant material, vaporising the volatile compounds. The vapour is cooled and the oil separates from the water.

Used almost exclusively for citrus oils. The peel is mechanically pressed to rupture the oil sacs and release the essential oil. No heat involved.

Used for delicate flowers that cannot withstand heat. A chemical solvent draws out the aromatic compounds. The solvent is then removed, leaving a concrete or absolute.

A modern method using pressurised carbon dioxide as a solvent. Produces a fuller, more complete extract than steam distillation with no solvent residue.